Kabu injin waldaana amfani da su sosai a masana'antar kera motoci, sabbin tsarin batirin makamashi, kayan ajiyar makamashi, tasoshin matsin lamba, samar da bututun mai, da takaddun ƙirƙira na ƙarfe- ƙirƙira daidai. A cikin waɗannan aikace-aikacen, ƙarfin walda ba batun tsaro ba ne kawai, amma har ma da ƙayyadaddun abu don rayuwar sabis na samfur, dogaro mai tsawo{2}, da sarrafa haɗarin gaba ɗaya.
A cikin wuraren samarwa na gaske, masana'antun da yawa suna fuskantar matsala iri ɗaya: ɗinkin weld ɗin yana kama da ci gaba kuma yana kama da kamanni, gwajin ɗigo na farko na iya wucewa, duk da haka gwajin juzu'i, gwajin gajiya, ko sabis na dogon lokaci{0} yana nuna tsagewa, ɗigo, ko lalata ƙarfi. Waɗannan gazawar ba a cika samun su ta hanyar abu ɗaya ba. A mafi yawan lokuta, suna haifar da sakamakon haɗuwar rashin daidaituwar ma'aunin tsari, rashin daidaituwar kayan aiki, yanayin kayan aiki mara kyau, da ƙirar walda mara kyau.
Wannan labarin yana ba da bincike na injiniya na tsari na tushen abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin isasshen ƙarfin walda a cikin injin walda kuma yana ba da dabarun ingantawa masu amfani. An yi niyya a matsayin nuni ga masu amfani da ke cikin aikin kayan aiki, ƙirar tsari, zaɓin injin, da yanke shawara na siye.
Ma'aunin walda a Wajen Tagar Tsari Mafi Kyau
Siffofin walda sune farkon abin sarrafawa don ƙarfin walda. A cikin tafiyar matakai na walda, walda na halin yanzu, lokacin walda, da matsa lamba na walda suna samar da tsarin haɗe-haɗe maimakon masu canji masu zaman kansu. Duk wani rashin daidaituwa a cikin siga guda ɗaya yana rushe narkakkar halittar nugget kuma kai tsaye yana lalata aikin injin walda.
Welding Current and Heat Input balance
Welding halin yanzu yana ƙayyade yawan ƙarfin kuzarin da ake bayarwa zuwa yankin walda kuma shine ginshiƙi na barga samuwar nugget.
Lokacin da halin yanzu ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, kawai laushin ƙasa ko narkewar wani sashi yana faruwa a wurin mu'amala, yana sa ba zai yiwu a samar da ingantaccen tsarin haɗin ƙarfe ba. A wannan yanayin, kabu na iya bayyana ci gaba, amma ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na ciki yana da rauni, kuma rarrabuwar mu'amala na iya faruwa a ƙarƙashin nauyi mai ƙarfi ko girgiza.
Lokacin da halin yanzu ya yi tsayi da yawa, zazzaɓi da ƙonawa na gida na iya faruwa, wanda zai haifar da ƙwanƙwasa hatsi, ɓarna ƙananan ƙananan sassa, da fadada yankin da zafi ya shafa. Ayyukan injiniya na nuna cewa duk da cewa irin waɗannan weld ɗin na iya ƙaddamar da gwaje-gwaje masu ƙarfi a farko, rayuwar gajiyawar su a cikin mahallin lodin keken keke yana raguwa sosai. A structural da sealing sassa, gajiya rai ragi na30–50%ana lura da su akai-akai, wanda ke wakiltar haɗari mai tsayin lokaci{0}.
Manufar ba "mafi girman halin yanzu yana daidai da walƙiya mai ƙarfi," amma sarrafawar shigar da makamashi wanda ke samar da tsayayyen ƙugiya yayin kiyaye amincin ƙananan tsarin.
Lokacin walda da Ci gaban Nugget
Lokacin waldi yana sarrafa yaduwar zafi da tarin zafi a cikin kayan.
Idan lokacin ya yi gajeru sosai, ko da isassun halin yanzu, narkakkar nugget ba zai iya faɗaɗa yadda ya kamata ba, yana haifar da ƙaramin ƙarfi mai inganci{0}}ɓangare mai ɗaukar giciye{1}} da iyakancewar ƙarfin injina.
Idan lokacin ya yi tsayi da yawa, yawan zafin jiki na tara zafi yana ƙara girman yankin da ya shafa - kuma yana haɓaka haɓakar hatsi da gurɓacewar ƙasa, yana rage aikin injin gabaɗaya.
A cikin aikin injiniya, ma'auni na yau da kullum shine cewa diamita na nugget ya kamata ya kai kusan sau 3-4 na kauri na tushe, wanda ke ba da daidaito tsakanin ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali.
Rashin daidaiton Matsalolin walda (Tasirin Tasirin Tsarin)
Matsi na walda ba kawai na inji clamping karfi. Yana tasiri kai tsaye rarraba juriya na lamba, kwanciyar hankali shigar da zafi, da halin faɗaɗa narkakken nugget. Rashin daidaituwar matsi a matakai daban-daban yana da tasiri na tsari akan ƙarfin walda:
| Matsayin walda | Batun Matsi | Tasiri kai tsaye |
|---|---|---|
| Pre{0}matakin matsi | Rashin isasshen matsi | Alamar mara ƙarfi, juriya mai juriya, shigar da zafi mara daidaituwa |
| Babban matakin walda | Matsi mai yawa | Ƙuntataccen faɗaɗa ƙugiya, rage tasirin giciye mai inganci{0}} |
| Matakin daidaitawa | Juyin matsin lamba | Rashin daidaito mara kyau, ƙara ƙarfin watsawa |
Gwaje-gwajen injiniya sun nuna cewa lokacin da matsa lamba ya wuce±8%, daidaiton ƙarfin walda yana raguwa sosai, kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa na iya raguwa fiye da15%. A ci gaba da layukan walda ɗin kabu, wannan yawanci yana bayyana azaman tsari{1}} rashin kwanciyar hankali maimakon keɓancewar lahani.
Rashin isassun Kayan aiki-Dacewar Tsari
Kayayyakin kayan aiki suna ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun yadda shigar da zafi ke shiga, mai da hankali, da tarwatsewa. Idan waɗannan bambance-bambance ba su bayyana a cikin ƙirar tsari ba, matsalolin ƙarfin walda ba makawa.
Tasirin Ayyukan Wutar Lantarki da Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru
Bambance-bambance a cikin tafiyar da aiki da diffusivity na thermal yana tasiri sosai ga yanayin taro mai zafi a yankin weld:
| Nau'in Abu | Halayen Tsari | Dabarun Daidaita Maɓalli |
|---|---|---|
| Aluminum gami | High conductivity + high thermal yaduwa | Mafi girman yawa na yanzu + gajeriyar lokacin walda |
| Bakin karfe | Low conductivity + low thermal yadawa | Ƙananan kololuwar halin yanzu + tsayin lokacin walda |
| Galvanized karfe | Juriya mara ƙarfi | Ikon matsa lamba mai ƙarfi + sarrafa zafi |
Ba tare da takamaiman ƙirar tsari ba, "ɗaya{1}parameter{2}saiti-daidai-hanyoyi sau da yawa suna samar da walda waɗanda ke bayyana karɓuwa a waje amma suna fama da rashin isasshen ƙarfin haɗin ciki.
Dogon Tasirin Yanayin Sama
Oxide yadudduka, gurɓataccen mai, sharar fage, da ƙazantar ƙasa kai tsaye suna toshe ingantaccen haɗin gwiwar ƙarfe. Waɗannan sharuɗɗan suna haɓaka musaya masu rauni, walda mai kama da juna, da haɗaɗɗun slag. Bayanan gwaji sun nuna cewa haɗin gwiwar aluminium da aka yi wa walda ba tare da tsabtace saman da ya dace ba na iya dandana20-35% matsakaicin ƙarfin raguwa, tare da mahimmancin rashin daidaituwa.
Hatsarin Tsarin Tsari a cikin Welding Irin Na Karfe
Matsakaicin walda na ƙarfe ya ƙunshi ba kawai bambance-bambancen thermal ba, har ma da rashin daidaiton ma'aunin haɓakar yanayin zafi da kuma samuwar fili na tsaka-tsaki. Ba tare da kulawar gradient na yanzu ba, yanayin walda mai juzu'i, ko ƙirar tsaka-tsaki, raƙuman mu'amala da sassauƙa suna samuwa, wanda ke haifar da gazawar matakin walda a farkon yanayin sabis.
Rashin kwanciyar hankali na Kayan aiki da Sauyawar Fitar Makamashi
Ko da ingantattun sigogin tsari{0}, tsarin kayan aiki mara ƙarfi yana hana daidaitaccen ingancin walda.
Lalacewar Tsarin Electrode
Nadi electrode lalacewa, shafi asarar, da kuma surface hadawan abu da iskar shaka canza lamba juriya rarraba, rage makamashi taro da kuma haifar da alternating gida overheating da rashin isasshen dumama, wanda take kaiwa zuwa ga gagarumin weld ƙarfi hawa da sauka.
Kwanciyar Hankali
Mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin injunan waldawa kabu (masu canza sheka, IGBT modules, tsarin lantarki) suna da zafi sosai{0}}. Lokacin sanyaya zafin ruwa yana jujjuyawa± 5 digiriko yawan kwarara bai isa ba, fitar da kwanciyar hankali na yanzu yana raguwa. Kwarewar masana'antu ya nuna cewa rashin zaman lafiyar tsarin sanyaya zai iya rage daidaiton ƙarfin weld ta10–20%.
Daidaiton Tsarin Injini
Matsanancin koma baya na inji, kurakuran aiki tare na nadi, da jinkirin mayar da martanin mai kunnawa yana haifar da matsananciyar walda mara kyau, sassan walda mara daidaituwa{0}}, da raguwar nauyin tsari{1}}arfafa daga hangen nesa.
Taruwar thermal da Tsarin Tsari a Ci gaba da Welding
Tasirin Tarin Jiki na thermal
A cikin ci gaba da waldawar kabu, zafi ba zai iya ɓarkewa tsakanin walda ba, yana haifar da haɓakar yawan zafin jiki a cikin kayan aikin. Wannan yana ƙara ainihin shigarwar zafi a cikin walda masu zuwa, yana haɓaka lalata ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa, kuma yana haifar da ƙarfi tare da kabu{1} musamman a cikin faranti mai kauri da manyan layin samar da zagayowar ({2})
Rarraba Rashin Matsala
A cikin na'urori masu yawa -, rarrabuwar matsa lamba mara daidaituwa ko juzu'in bugun bugun jini yana haifar da faɗin walda da ƙetare - bambance-bambancen sashe, ƙirƙirar "yankuna masu rauni" waɗanda ke rage ƙarfin nauyi gabaɗaya da rayuwar gajiya.
Kammalawa
Rashin isasshen ƙarfin walda a cikin na'urar walda ta kabu ba kawai matsala ce ta ma'auni ko matsalar inji ba. Sakamakon rashin daidaituwa tsakanin tsarin tsari ne, tsarin kayan aiki, tsarin kayan aiki, da ƙirar tsari.
Barga, ingantaccen ingancin walda yana fitowa daga iyawar injiniyan tsarin, ba keɓance ayyukan ingantawa ba. Ga masu amfani, zaɓin inji bai kamata ya mai da hankali kan ƙimar wutar lantarki da farashi kawai ba. Yakamata a ba da fifiko mai girma akan iya sarrafa tsari, ƙirƙira kwanciyar hankali na tsarin, ƙarfin sa ido akan bayanai, da dogayen dogaron aiki na tsawon lokaci-.
